Until 2005 they built several prototype SH tricycles and quadricycles. In 1996 Jürg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built an SHB and in 1998 modified a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP 1165188). In 1995 Thomas Muller designed and built a "Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb" for his 1995 diploma thesis. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite SHB with power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. The first published prototype of an SHB is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. They are commercially available, being simple in theory and manufacturing. In a series hybrid bicycle ( SHB) (a kind of chainless bicycle) the user pedals a generator, charging a battery or feeding the motor, which delivers all of the torque required.Most motorized bicycles, mopeds are of this type. using a hub motor, a roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission element. In a parallel hybrid bicycle human and motor torques are mechanically coupled at the pedal or one of the wheels, e.g.Early prototype motorcycles in the late 19th century used the same principle. Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles. Vehicle types Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles
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